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asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 1 - general description the ak4651 targeted at pda and ot her low-power, small size applications. it features a 16bit stereo codec with a built-in microphone-amplifier, headphone- amplifier and speaker-amplifier. input circuits include a microphone-amplifier and an alc (auto level control) circuit. the ak4651 is connected with ac?97 controller (cpu) via ac-link. the ak4651 is av ailable in a very small 57pin bga, utilizing less board space than competitive offerings. features 1. resolution: 16bits 2. recording function ? mono input (single-ended or differential input) ? 2 to 1 selector (internal and external mic) ? mic power: 2 outputs (internal and external mic) ? 1 st mic amplifier: +20db or 0db ? 2 nd amplifier with alc: +27.5db ? 8db, 0.5db step ? adc performance (@mic-amp=+20db, single-ended): s/(n+d): 79db, dr, s/n: 83db ? mic detection 3. playback function ? digital de-emphasis filter (tc=50/15 s, fs=32khz, 44.1khz, 48khz) ? digital volume (0db ? 63db, 0.5db step, mute) ? bass boost ? mono output - full-differential output - s/(n+d): 85db, s/n: 95db - analog volume: +6db ? 15db, 3db step ? headphone-amp - output power: 40mw@16 ? (hvdd=3.3v) - s/(n+d): 60db@10mw, s/n: 90db ? headphone jack detection ? mono speaker-amp - output power: 300mw@8 ? (hvdd=3.3v, alc2=off) - s/(n+d): 55db@110mw, s/n: 90db - btl output - alc (auto level control) circuit ? mono beep input ? aux input - full-differential input - analog volume: +12db ? 34.5db, 1.5db step, mute ? stereo line input - single-ended input - analog volume: +12db ? 34.5db, 1.5db step, mute 16bit ? codec with mic/hp/spk-amp ak4651
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 2 - 4. system clock: 24.576mhz, 12mhz, 3.6864mhz 5. sampling rate: 48khz, 44. 1khz, 32khz, 24khz, 22.05khz, 16khz, 11.025khz, 8khz 6. power management 7. audio & control i/f: ac-link i/f 8. ta = ? 30 85 c 9. power supply: 2.7v 3.6v (typ. 3.3v) 10. package: 57pin bga (5mm x 5mm) 11. ak4650 pin compatible
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 3 - ? block diagram alc1 (ipga) pmmic att micout ain sync bitclk sdatain sdataout resetn cpu avdd avss hvdd hvss vcom mutet min mout2 auxin+ mix hpl pmhpl hp-amp hpr pmhpr hp-amp audio interface pmspk spk- amp spp spn volume pmmo pmhpl or pmhpr or pmspk mout+ att pll xti/mcki xto/pll0 vcoc1 vra pr5 mix mix mix mix pmaux mpe mic power supply mdt 0.075 x avdd ext int mic-amp 0db or 20db mpi mic power supply hpf adc pr6-0 pr6-0 datt smute dac mix att alc2 control register hdt volume volume mpe/lin mdt/rin dvdd2 dvss2 auxin- mout- beep pmlin pmbp pr5 mvref vcoc2 pll1 dvdd1 dvss1 intn figure 1. block diagram
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 4 - ? ordering guide ak4651vg ? 30 +85 c 57pin bga (0.5mm pitch) AKD4651 evaluation board for ak4651 ? pin layout a top view bc e dfghj 6 7 8 9 5 3 4 1 2 ak4651 9 nc beep/in2 avdd vcom auxin+ mpi ext/mic+ mpe/lin nc 8 vcoc1 vcoc2 avss mvref auxin ? int/mic ? mdt/rin ain micout 7 test2 avdd2 mout ? mout+ 6 test3 test4 hpl hpr 5 test5 avss2 top view hvss hvdd 4 test7 test6 spp spn 3 test9 test8 nc mutet hdt 2 test10 intn xto/pll0 sdata out dvss2 sdatain sync mout2 min 1 nc dvdd1 xti/mcki dvss1 bitclk dvdd2 resetn pll1 test a b c d e f g h j
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 5 - pin/function no. pin name i/o function a1 nc - no connect pin no internal bonding. this pin should be open or connected to the ground. b1 dvdd1 - digital power supply 1 pin xti i x?tal input pin c1 mcki i external master clock input pin xto o x?tal output pin (pll1 pin = ?l?) c2 pll0 i pll input master clock frequency select 0 pin (pll1 pin = ?h?) ?l?: 3.6864mhz, ?h?: 12mhz d1 dvss1 - digital ground 1 pin d2 sdataout i serial 256-bit ac?97 data stream from digital controller e1 bitclk o 12.288mhz(256fs) serial data clock e2 dvss2 - digital ground 2 pin f2 sdatain o serial 256-bit ac?97 data stream to digital controller f1 dvdd2 - digital power supply 2 pin g2 sync i ac?97 sync clock, 48khz(1fs) fixed rate sampling rate g1 resetn i ac?97 master hardware reset h1 pll1 i pll input master clock frequency select 1 pin ?l?: 24.576mhz (pll0 pin = ?l?) ?h?: 3.6864mhz (pll0 pin = ?l?) or 12mhz (pll0 pin = ?h?) when pll1 pin = ?h?, x?tal oscillation circuit is not available. j1 test - test pin this pin should be connected to the ground. j2 min i alc input pin h2 mout2 o analog mixing output pin h3 mutet o mute time constant control pin connected to hvss pin with a capacitor for mute time constant. j3 hdt i headphone detect pin (internal pull up by 100k ? ) h4 spp o speaker amp positive output pin j4 spn o speaker amp negative output pin h5 hvss - headphone & speaker amp ground pin j5 hvdd - headphone & speaker amp power supply pin j6 hpr o rch headphone amp output pin h6 hpl o lch headphone amp output pin h7 mout ? o mono line negative output pin j7 mout+ o mono line positive output pin h8 ain i analog input pin j9 nc - no connect pin no internal bonding. this pin should be open or connected to the ground.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 6 - no. pin name i/o function j8 micout o microphone analog output pin mdt i microphone detect pin (internal pull down by 500k ? ) (rnmd bit = ?0?) g8 rin i rch line input pin (rnmd bit = ?1?) mpe o mic power supply pin for external microphone (lnmp bit = ?0?) h9 lin i lch line input pin (lnmp bit = ?1?) ext i external microphone input pin (single-ended input: mdif bit = ?0?) g9 mic+ i microphone positive input pin (differential input: mdif bit = ?1?) int i internal microphone input pin (single-ended input: mdif bit = ?0?) f8 mic ? i microphone negative input pin (differential input: mdif bit = ?1?) f9 mpi o mic power supply pin for internal microphone e8 auxin ? i mono aux negative input pin e9 auxin+ i mono aux positive input pin d8 mvref o mic power supply reference voltage output pin d9 vcom o common voltage output pin bias voltage of adc inputs and dac outputs. c8 avss2 - analog ground 2 pin c9 avdd2 - analog power supply 2 pin b9 beep i mono beep signal input pin a9 nc - no connect pin no internal bonding. this pin should be open or connected to the ground. a8 vcoc1 o output 1 pin for loop filter of pll circuit this pin should be connected to dvss with a resistor (10k ? ) and a capacitor (4.7nf) in series. b8 vcoc2 o output 1 pin for loop filter of pll circuit this pin should be connected to dvss with a resistor (10k ? ) and a capacitor (4.7nf) in series. note: all input pins except analog input pins should not be left floating (xti/mcki, pll0, sdataout, sync, resetn and pll1 pins).
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 7 - no. pin name i/o function b7 avdd2 - analog power supply 2 pin a7 test2 - test 2 pin this pin should be floating. a6 test3 - test 3 pin this pin should be floating. b6 test4 - test 4 pin this pin should be floating. a5 test5 - test 5 pin this pin should be floating. b5 avss2 - touch screen controller ground pin b4 test6 - test 6 pin this pin should be floating. a4 test7 - test 7 pin this pin should be floating. b3 test8 - test 8 pin this pin should be floating. a3 test9 - test 9 pin this pin should be floating. b2 intn o headphone jack detect interrupt output pin this pin should be pulled up via a 100k ? resistor. a2 test10 - test 10 pin this pin should be connected to the ground. c3 nc - no connect pin no internal bonding. this pin should be open or connected to the ground.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 8 - ? handling of unused pin the unused i/o pins should be processed appropriately as below. classification pin name setting analog min, mout2, mutet, hd t, spp, spn, hpr, hpl, mout ? , mout+, ain, micout, mdt/rin, mpe/lin, ext/ mic+, int/mic ? , mpi, auxin ? , auxin+, beep, intn these pins should be open. digital xto this pin should be open.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 9 - absolute maximum ratings (avss, dvss, hvss=0v; note 1, note 2) parameter symbol min max units power supplies: analog (note 3) avdd ? 0.3 6.0 v digital (note 4) dvdd ? 0.3 6.0 v headphone-amp / speaker-amp hvdd ? 0.3 6.0 v |avss ? dvss| (note 5) ? gnd1 - 0.3 v |avss ? hvss| (note 5) ? gnd2 - 0.3 v input current, any pin except supplies iin - 10 ma analog input voltage (note 6) vina1 ? 0.3 avdd+0.3 v (note 7) vina2 ? 0.3 hvdd+0.3 v digital input voltage (note 8) vind ? 0.3 dvdd+0.3 v ambient temperature (powered applied) ta ? 30 85 c storage temperature tstg ? 65 150 c note 1. all voltages with respect to ground. note 2. avss means avss1 and avss2. dvss means dvss1 and dvss2. note 3. avdd means avdd1 and avdd2. note 4. dvdd means dvdd1 and dvdd2. note 5. avss, dvss and hvss must be connected to the same analog ground plane. note 6. min, ain, mdt/rin, mpe/lin, ext/ mic+, int/mic ? , auxin ? , auxin+, beep pins note 7. hdt pin note 8. xti/mcki, xto/pll0, sdataout, sync, resetn, pll1 pins warning: operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device. normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes. recommended operating conditions (avss, dvss, hvss=0v; note 1, note 2) parameter symbol min typ max units power supplies: analog (note 3) avdd 2.7 3.3 3.6 v (note 9) digital (note 4) dvdd 2.7 3.3 avdd v hp / spk-amp hvdd 2.7 3.3 3.6 v note 1. all voltages with respect to ground. dvdd1 and dvdd2 should be same voltage. note 2. avss means avss1 and avss2. dvss means dvss1 and dvss2. note 3. avdd means avdd1 and avdd2. note 4. dvdd means dvdd1 and dvdd2. note 9. the power up sequence between avdd, dvdd and hvdd is not critical. when the voltage difference among avdd, dvdd and hvdd is larger than 0.3v, the power supply current at power down mode increases (see note 28). when the power supplies are partially powered off, the ak4651 must be reset by bringing pdn pin ?l? after these power supplies are powered on again. dvdd1 and dvdd2 should be same voltage. * akm assumes no responsibility for the usag e beyond the conditions in this datasheet.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 10 - analog characteristics (ta=25 c; avdd, dvdd, hvdd=3.3v; avss=dvss=hvss=0v; fs =48khz; signal frequency=1khz; 16bit data; measurement frequency=20hz 20khz; unless otherwise specified) parameter min typ max units mic amplifier: int, ext pins, mdif bit = ?0? (single-ended input) input resistance 20 30 40 k ? gain (mgain bit = ?0?) - 0 - db (mgain bit = ?1?) - +20 - db mic amplifier: mic+, mic ? pins, mdif bit = ?1? (full-differential input), mgain bit = ?1? (+20db) maximum input voltage (note 10) - 0.099 - vpp mic power supply: mpi, mpe pins output voltage 1.98 2.2 2.42 v load resistance 2 - - k ? load capacitance - - 30 pf mic detection: mdt pin comparator voltage level 0.15 0.20 0.23 v internal pull down resistance 250 500 750 k ? input pga characteristics: ain pin input resistance (note 11) 5 10 15 k ? step size 0.1 0.5 0.9 db gain control range (alc1 bit = ?0?) max: ipga6-0 bits = ?3fh? - +27.5 - db min: ipga6-0 bits = ?00h? - ? 8 - db adc analog input characteristics: mic gain=+20db, ipga=0db, alc1=off, mic ipga adc resolution - - 16 bits input voltage (note 12) 0.168 0.198 0.228 vpp s/(n+d) ( ? 1dbfs) 71 79 - db d-range ( ? 60dbfs, a-weighted) 75 83 - db s/n (a-weighted) 75 83 - db dac characteristics: resolution - - 16 bits mono line output characteristics: r l =20k ? , dac mout+/mout ? pins, mogn2-0 bits = +6db output voltage (note 13) 3.56 3.96 4.36 vpp s/(n+d) ( ? 3dbfs) 75 85 - db s/n (a-weighted) 85 95 - db load resistance 20 - - k ? load capacitance - - 30 pf step size 2 3 4 db gain control range max: mogn2-0 bits = ?111? - +6 - db min: mogn2-0 bits = ?000? - ? 15 - db note 10. maximum input voltage of mic+ and mic ? pins are proportional to avdd voltage. vin = 0.03 x avdd(typ). note 11. when ipga gain is changed, this typical value changes between 8k ? and 11k ? . note 12. input voltage is proportional to avdd voltage. vin = 0.06 x avdd. note 13. output voltage is proportional to avdd voltage. vout = 1.2 x avdd(typ)@mogn2-0 bits = ?111? at full-differential output. vout = 0.6 x avdd(typ ) @mogn2-0 bits = ?111? at single-ended output.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 11 - parameter min typ max units headphone-amp characteristics: r l =16 ? , dac hpl/hpr pins, datt=0db output voltage (note 14) 0dbfs input - 0.82 - vrms ? 6dbfs input 0.32 0.41 0.50 vrms s/(n+d) 0dbfs input - 35 - db ? 6dbfs input 50 60 - db s/n (a-weighted) 80 90 - db interchannel isolation ( ? 6dbfs input) 60 85 - db interchannel gain mismatch ( ? 6dbfs input) - 0.1 - db load resistance 16 - - ? load capacitance (note 15) - - 300 pf headphone detection: hdt pin comparator voltage level (note 16) 0.99 - 2.31 v internal pull up resistance 50 100 150 k ? speaker-amp characteristics: r l =8 ? , btl, dac mout2 pin min pin spp/spn pins, alc2=off output voltage (note 17) ? 2.5dbfs input - 1.55 - vrms ? 7.5dbfs input 0.75 0.94 1.13 vrms s/(n+d) ? 2.5dbfs input - 20 - db ? 7.5dbfs input 40 55 - db s/n (a-weighted) 80 90 - db load resistance 8 - - ? load capacitance - - 30 pf mono output: dac mix mout2 pin output voltage (note 18) - 1.98 - vpp load resistance (note 19) 30 - - k ? load capacitance (note 15, note 19) - - 20 pf mono input: min pin maximum input voltage (note 20) - 1.98 - vpp input resistance (note 21) 12 24 36 k ? beep input: beep pin, external input resistance = 20k ? maximum input voltage (note 22) - 1.98 - vpp feedback resistance - 20 - k ? output voltage (0.8vpp input) beep pin hpl/hpr pins 0.045 0.09 0.135 vpp beep pin spp/spn pins, alc2 bit = ?0? 1.26 2.53 3.80 vpp note 14. output voltage is proportional to avdd voltage. vout = 0.12 x avdd vrms(typ)@ ? 6dbfs. note 15. when the output pin drives a capacitive load, a resistor should be added in series between the output pin and capacitive load. note 16. comparator voltage level is proportional to hvdd voltage. vth = 0.3 x hvdd(min), 0.7 x hvdd(max). note 17. output voltage is proportional to hvdd voltage. vout = 0.28 x avdd vrms(typ)@ ? 6dbfs at full-differential output. note 18. output voltage is proportional to avdd voltage. vout = 0.6 x avdd(typ). note 19. these values do not include the input resistance or capacitance of the min pin. note 20. maximum input voltage is proportional to avdd voltage. vin = 0.6 x avdd(typ). note 21. when alc2 gain is changed, this typical value changes between 22k ? and 26k ? . note 22. maximum input voltage depends on avdd voltage, internal feedback resistance (rf) and external input resistance (ri). vin = 0.6 x avdd x ri / rf (typ).
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 12 - parameter min typ max units line input: lin, rin pins maximum input voltage (note 23) - 1.98 - vpp input resistance 25 40 55 k ? step size 0.5 1.5 2.5 db gain control range (max: gl4-0 bits = ?00h?) - +12 - db (min: gl4-0 bits = ?1fh?) - ? 34.5 - db aux input: auxin+, auxin ? pins maximum input voltage (note 24) - 1.98 - vpp input resistance auxin+ pin 25 40 55 k ? auxin ? pin 50 80 110 k ? step size 0.5 1.5 2.5 db gain control range (max: gn4-0 bits = ?00h?) - +12 - db (min: gn4-0 bits = ?1fh?) - ? 34.5 - db power supplies: power up (resetn pin = ?h?) all circuit power-up: avdd+dvdd (note 25) - 15 23 ma hvdd: hp-amp normal operation no output (note 26) - 2.5 5 ma hvdd: spk-amp normal operation no output (note 27) - 7 21 ma power down (resetn pin = ?l?) (note 28) avdd+dvdd+hvdd - 1 100 a note 23. maximum input voltage is proportional to avdd voltage. vin = 0.6 x avdd(typ). note 24. maximum input voltage is proportional to avdd voltage. vin = (auxin+) ? (auxin ? ) = 0.6 x avdd(typ). note 25. pr0-6 bits = all ?0?, pmmic=pmmo=pmspk=pmhpl=pmhpr=pmbpm=pmaux=pmlin= ?1?. avdd=10ma (typ.), dvdd=5ma (typ.). note 26. pr0-6 bits = all ?0?, pmmic=pmmo=pmhpl=pmhpr=pmbpm=pmaux=pmlin= ?1?, pmspk= ?0?. note 27. pr0-6 bits = all ?0?, pmmic=pmmo=pmspk=pmbpm=pmaux=pmlin= ?1?, pmhpl=pmhpr= ?0?. note 28. all digital input pins are fixed to dvdd or dvss. when the voltage difference among avdd, dvdd and hvdd is larger than 0.3v, the power supply current at power down mode increases.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 13 - filter characteristics (ta=25 c; avdd, hvdd, dvdd=2.7 3.6v; fs=48khz; dem=off) parameter symbol min typ max units adc digital filter (decimation lpf): passband (note 29) 0.1db pb 0 - 18.9 khz ? 1.0db - 21.8 - khz ? 3.0db - 23.0 - khz stopband sb 29.4 - - khz passband ripple pr - - 0.1 db stopband attenuation sa 65 - - db group delay (note 30) gd - 17.0 - 1/fs group delay distortion ? gd - 0 - s adc digital filter (hpf): frequency response (note 29) ? 3.0db fr - 1.0 - hz ? 0.1db - 6.5 - hz dac digital filter: passband (note 29) 0.1db pb 0 - 21.3 khz ? 6.0db - 24.0 - khz stopband sb 25.2 - - khz passband ripple pr - - 0.01 db stopband attenuation sa 59 - - db group delay (note 30) gd - 16.8 - 1/fs dac digital filter + scf: frequency response: 0 20.0khz fr - 1.0 - db boost filter: (note 31) min 20hz fr - 5.80 - db 100hz - 3.17 - db 1khz - 0.03 - db mid 20hz fr - 10.85 - db 100hz - 7.23 - db 1khz - 0.18 - db max 20hz fr - 16.14 - db 100hz - 11.05 - db frequency response 1khz - 0.47 - db note 29. the passband and stopband frequencies scale with fs (system sampling rate). for example, adc is pb=0.454 fs (@ ? 1.0db). the reference frequency of these responses is 1khz. note 30. the calculated delay time caused by digital filtering. this time is from the input of analog signal to setting of the 16-bit data of both channels from the input register to the output register of the adc. this time includes the group delay of the hpf. for the dac, this time is from setting the 16-bit data of both channels from the input register to the output of analog signal. note 31. these frequency responses scale with fs. if a high-level and low frequency signal is input, the analog output clips to the full-scale.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 14 - dc characteristics (ta=25 c; avdd, hvdd, dvdd=2.7 3.6v) parameter symbol min typ max units high-level input voltage vih 70%dvdd - - v low-level input voltage vil - - 30%dvdd v input voltage at ac coupling (note 32) vac 50%dvdd - - v high-level output voltage (iout= ? 400 a) voh dvdd ? 0.4 - - v low-level output voltage (iout=400 a) vol - - 0.4 v input leakage current iin - - 10 a intn ?l? level output voltage (100k ? pull-up) volp - - 0.8 v note 32. when ac coupled capacitor is connected to mcki pin.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 15 - switching characteristics (ta=25 c; avdd, hvdd, dvdd=2.7 3.6v; c l =25pf) parameter symbol min typ max units master clock timing frequency pll1 pin = ?l?, pll0 pin = ?l? fmclk - 24.576 - mhz pll1 pin = ?h?, pll0 pin = ?l? fmclk - 3.6864 - mhz pll1 pin = ?h?, pll0 pin = ?h? fmclk - 12 - mhz duty cycle dmclk 40 - 60 % ac link interface timing bitclk frequency fbclk - 12.288 - mhz bitclk clock period(tbclk=1/fbclk) tbclk - 81.38 - ns bit_blk low pulse width tclk_low 36 40.7 45 ns bit_blk low pulse width tclk_high 36 40.7 45 ns bitclk rise time trise_clk - - 6 ns bitclk fall time tfall_clk - - 6 ns sync frequency fsync - 48 - khz sync low pulse width tsync_low - 19.5 (240 cycle) - s (tbclk) sync high pulse width tsync_high - 1.3 (16 cycle) - s (tbclk) sync rise time trise_sync - - 6 ns sync fall time tfall_sync - - 6 ns setup time(sync, sdataout) tsetup 14 - - ns hold time(sync, sdataout) thold 25 - - ns sdatain delay time from bitclk rising edge tdelay - - 15 ns sdatain rise time trise_din - - 6 ns sdatain fall time tfall_din - - 6 ns sdataout rise time trise_dout - - 6 ns sdataout fall time tfall_dout - - 6 ns cold reset (sdataout = ?l?, sync = ?l?) resetn active low pulse width trst_low 1.0 - - s resetn inactive to bitclk delay pll1 pin = ?l? (external clock) trst2clk - 42 - s pll1 pin = ?l? (x?tal oscillator) trst2clk - 0.5 - ms pll1 pin = ?h?, pll0 pin = ?l? trst2clk - 9.5 - ms pll1 pin = ?h?, pll0 pin = ?h? trst2clk - 3.2 - ms warm reset timing sync active high pulse width tsync_high 1.0 1.3 (16 cycle) - s (tbclk) sync inactive to bitclk delay pll1 pin = ?l? (external clock) trst2clk - 42 - s pll1 pin = ?l? (x?tal oscillator) tsync2clk - 0.5 - ms pll1 pin = ?h?, pll0 pin = ?l? tsync2clk - 9.5 - ms pll1 pin = ?h?, pll0 pin = ?h? tsync2clk - 3.2 - ms ac-link low power mode timing end of slot 2 to bitclk, sdatain low ts2_pdwn - - 1.0 s activate test mode timing setup to trailing edge of resetn tsetup2rst 15.0 - - ns hold from resetn rising edge thold2rst 100 - - ns rising edge of resetn to hi-z toff - - 50 ns falling edge of resetn to ?l? tlow - - 50 ns
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 16 - ? timing diagram 1/fmclk mcki vih vil tmclkl tmclkh dmclk = tmclkh x fmclk x 100 = tmclkl x fmclk x 100 figure 2. master clock timing tclk_low 50%dvdd tclk_high bitclk tbclk = 1/fbclk figure 3. bitclk timing tsync_low vih vil 1/fsync tsync_high sync figure 4. sync timing sdatain sdataout, sync vih thold tsetup vil bitclk vih vil tdelay vih vil figure 5. setup and hold timing trise_clk bitclk tfall_clk 90%dvdd 10%dvdd trise_din sdatain tfall_din 90%dvdd 10%dvdd trise_sync sync tfall_sync 90%dvdd 10%dvdd trise_dout sdataout tfall_dout 90%dvdd 10%dvdd figure 6. signal rise and fall times (25pf external load; between 10%dvdd and 90%dvdd)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 17 - bitclk vil reset# trst2clk trst_low sync= ?l? sdataout= ?l? figure 7. cold reset timing vih tsync2clk tsync_high bitclk sync figure 8. warm reset timing slot write to 0x26 bitclk sdatain sdataout ts2_pdwn slot data pr4=1 don?t care figure 9. ac-link low power mode timing vih vih tsetup2rst toff sdatain bitclk sdataout hi-z reset# vil tlow vil thold2rst figure 10. activate test mode timing
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 18 - operation overview ? master clock source the ak4651 requires a master clock (mclk). this master clock is input to the ak4651 by the following three methods: (1) connect a x?tal oscillator between xti and xto pins. (2) input an external cmos-level clock to the xti pin. (3) input an external clock whose amplitude is greater than 50%dvdd to the xti pin with ac coupling. when using a x?tal oscillator, there should be capa citors between xti/xto pins and dvss (figure 11). master clock status pr5 bit mckpd bit x?tal oscillator (figure 11) oscillator on 0 0 (pll1 pin = ?l?) oscillator off 1 1 external clock direct input (figure 12) clock is input to mcki pin. 0 0 (pll1 pin = ?l?) mcki pin is fixed to ?l?. 1 0/1 mcki pin is fixed to ?h?. 1 0 mcki pin is hi-z 1 1 external clock direct input (figure 13) clock is input to mcki pin. 0 0 (pll1 pin = ?h?) mcki pin is fixed to ?l?. 0 0/1 mcki pin is fixed to ?h?. 0 0 mcki pin is hi-z 0 1 ac coupling input (figure 14) clock is input to mcki pin. 0 0 (pll1 pin = ?l?) clock isn?t input to mcki pin. 1 1 table 1. master clock status by pr5 bit and mckpd bit (1) x?tal oscillator (pll1 pin = ?l?) xti xto ak4651 25k ? (typ) mckpd = "0" pr5 = "0" c c pll1 = "l" pll1 = "l" figure 11. x?tal mode note 33. the capacitor values depend on the x?tal oscillator used. (c : typ. 10 30pf)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 19 - (2) external clock direct input (2-1) pll1 pin = ?l? mcki xto ak4651 25k ? (typ) mckpd = "0" pr5 = "0" pll1 = "l" pll1 = "l" external clock figure 12. external clock mode (pll1 pin = ?l?, input : cmos level) note 34. this clock level must not exceed dvdd level. (2-2) pll1 pin = ?h? mcki pll0 ak4651 25k ? (typ) mckpd = "0" pr5 = "0" pll1 = "h" pll1 = "h" external clock figure 13. external clock mode (pll1 pin = ?h?, input : cmos level) note 35. this clock level must not exceed dvdd level. (3) ac coupling input (pll1 pin = ?l?) mcki xto ak4651 25k ? (typ) mckpd = "0" pr5 = "0" pll1 = "l" pll1 = "l" external clock c figure 14. external clock mode (input : 50%dvdd) note 36. this clock level must not exceed dvdd level. (c : 0.1 f)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 20 - ? system clock a fully integrated analog phase locked loop (pll) generates a clock that is selected by the pll1-0 pins (table 2). when the external master clock is used, the pll should be powered-up after the external master clock is input. it takes 0.5ms(typ) for x?tal oscillator to be stable after pr5 bit = ?0? which depends on the x?tal. the pll needs 9ms lock time, whenever the sampling frequency changes or the pll is powered-up (vra bit = ?0? ?1?). when the clock input to mcki pin stops during normal operation of ac-link (pr4 = pr5 = ?0?), the internal pll continues to oscillate (a few mhz), and bitclk output goes to ?l? (see table 3). mclk and sync must be present whenever the adc or dac is operating (pr0 = pr1 = pr3 = pr4 = pr5 = ?0?). if these clocks are not provided, the ak4651 may draw excess current due to its use of internal dynamically refreshed logic. if the external clocks are not present, the adc and dac must be placed in the power-down mode by setting pr0-6 bits. pll1 pll0 mcki l 24.576mhz l h reserved l 3.6864mhz h h 12mhz table 2. mcki input frequency power up power down pll unlock mcki pin frequency set by pll1-0 pins (refer to table 2) refer to table 1 frequency set by pll1-0 pins (refer to table 2) bitclk pin 12.288mhz output ?l? ?l? sync pin input fixed to ?l? or ?h? externally input or fixed to ?l? or ?h? externally table 3. clock operation
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 21 - ? audio sample rate sample rate for dac and adc is controlled by register 2ch and 32h, respectively. 16bit data in d15(msb) to d0 show unsigned value from 0 to 65535, representing the exact sampling frequency in hz. these sample rate setting is done at vra bit = ?1? of extended audio status and control register(2ah). sample rate (khz) data in d15 ? d0 8.0 1f40h 11.025 2b11h 16.0 3e80h 22.05 5622h 24.0 5dc0h 32.0 7d00h 44.1 ac44h 48.0 bb80h table 4. audio sample rate the ak4651 supports these discrete frequencies. when any other codes is written in this register, the ak4651 operates at the sampling rate rounded to the closest one in table 4 by decoding only d15-12 bits. if d15-12 = 5h, the ak4651 operates at 22.05khz or 24khz when d11 = ?0? or ?1?, respectively (table 5). d15 ? d12 d11 sample rate (khz) 0h,1h x 8.0 2h x 11.025 3h x 16.0 4h x 22.05 0 22.05 5h 1 24.0 6h x 24.0 7h,8h x 32.0 9h,ah x 44.1 bh-fh x 48.0 table 5. audio sample rate (x: don?t care) at vra bit = ?0?, 2ch and 32h are fixed to ?bb80h? and cannot be written. when vra bit is set to ?0?, 2ch and 32h register are set to ?bb80h? automatically. and the change of sample rate will be executed on the fly.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 22 - ? power management power management of each block is controlled via 26h and 60h register. pr0 = ?1? pr1 = ?1? pr2 = ?1? pr3 = ?1? pr4 = ?1? pr5 = ?1? pr6 = ?1? adc pd pu pu pd pd pd pu dac pu pd pu pd pd pd pu vcm pu pu pu pd pu pu pu xtl pu pu pu pu pu pd pu pll vra vra vra pd vra pd vra ac-link pu pu pu pu(note 37) pd pd pu hp pmhpl/r pmhpl/r pd pd pmhpl/r pmhpl/r pd spk pmspk pmspk pd pd pmspk pmspk pmspk mic pmmic pmmic pd pd pmmic pmmic pmmic line in pmlin pmlin pd pd pmlin pmlin pmlin auxin pmaux pmaux pd pd pmaux pmaux pmaux mono out pmmo pmmo pd pd pmmo pmmo pmmo beep pmbpm pmbpm pd pd pmbpm pmbpm pmbpm table 6. power management pd: power down pu: power up pm*: depends on each pm bit. vra vra bit = ?1?: pll power up vra bit = ?0?: pll power down note 37. when pll1 pin = ?h?(mcki=3.6864mhz or 12mhz), ac-link is powered-down by pr3 bit = ?1?. ? digital high pass filter the adc has a digital high pass filter for dc offset can cellation. the cut-off freque ncy of the hpf is 1.0hz (@fs=48khz) and scales with sampling rate (fs).
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 23 - ? mic input adc +20db/0db ipga with alc hp, sp mout+/ ? att micad bit micm bit micl bit att attm bit atts2-0 bits mgain bit ipga5-0 bits alc1 bit int pin ext pin msel bit mdif bit ak4651 micout pin a in pin figure 15. microphone input the ak4651 has the following functions for mic input. (1) 2 inputs selector. the switch configure is controlled by mdif and msel bits (table 9). (2) 1 st mic amplifier with +20db gain, the gain can be selected on/off by mgain bit (table 10). (3) ipga with alc. this volume is controlled by ipga5-0 bits as table 14. (4) attenuator for stereo mixer. the volume is controlled by atts2-0 bits as table 7. (5) attenuator for mono mixer. the attenuator level is 4db and the on/off is controlled by attm bit (table 8). atts2-0 attenuation step 0h ? 6db 1h ? 9db 2h ? 12db default 3h ? 15db 4h ? 18db 5h ? 21db 6h ? 24db 7h ? 27db 3db table 7. attenuator table (ipga stereo mixer) attm attenuation 0 0db default 1 ? 4db table 8. attenuator table (ipga mono mixer)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 24 - ? mic input selector ak4651 has mic input selector in front of mic amp. msel bit selects internal or external mic (figure 16). when mdif bit = ?1?, int and ext pins become mic ? and mic+ pins, respectively, and differential input is available (figure 17). mdif bit msel bit selector 0 int default 0 1 ext 1 x differential table 9. mic input selector (x: don?t care) int pin ext pin mpi pin mpe pin dtmic bit mdt pin 0.2v(typ) 500k ak4651 mic-amp figure 16. mic input (mdif bit = ?0?: single-ended input) mic ? pin mic+ pin mpi pin ak4651 mic-amp figure 17. mic input (mdif bit = ?1?: differential input) note 38. in case of differential input, mgain bit should be set to ?1?. maximum input voltage of each input pin is | (mic+) ? (mic ? ) | = 0.198vpp(typ)@avdd=3.3v.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 25 - ? mic gain amplifier the ak4651 has a gain amplifier for microphone input. the gain is 0db or +20db, selected by the mgain bit. the typical input impedance is 30k ? . mgain bit input gain 0 0db default 1 +20db table 10. mic input gain ? mic power the mpi and mpe pins supply power for the microphone. these output voltages are 2.2v (typ) and load resistance is 2k ? (min). mpwri and mpwre bits control output from mpi and mpe pins, respectively. when lnmp bit = ?1?, mpe pin becomes lin pin. pmmic bit mpwri bit mpi pin 0 x hi-z default 0 hi-z 1 1 output table 11. internal microphone power supply (x: don?t care) pmmic bit mpwre bit mpe pin 0 x hi-z default 0 hi-z 1 1 output table 12. external microphone power supply (x: don?t care) ? mic detection function the ak4651 includes the detection function of microphone. example of the detection of external microphone. (1) mpwre bit = ?1?. (2) mpe drives external microphone. (3) dtmic bit is set by table 13. input level of mdt dtmic bit external microphone > 0.247v 1 connect < 0.165v 0 disconnect table 13. microphone detection result when rnmd bit = ?1?, mdt pin becomes rin pin.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 26 - ? manual mode the ak4651 becomes a manual mode at alc1 bit = ?0?. the mode is used in the case shown below. (1) after exiting reset state, set up the registers for the alc1 operation (ztm1-0, lmth and etc) (2) when the registers for the alc1 operation (limiter period, recovery period and etc) are changed. for example; when the change of the sampling frequency. (3) when ipga is used as a manual volume. when writing to the ipga5-0 bits continually, the control register should be written by an interval more than zero crossing timeout. micmt ipga5-0 gain (db) step 3fh +27.5 3eh +27.0 : : 09h +0.5 08h +0.0 0.5db default 07h ? 1.0 06h ? 2.0 : : 01h ? 7.0 0 00h ? 8.0 1.0db 1 x mute table 14. ipga volume (x: don?t care)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 27 - ? mic-alc operation the alc (automatic level control) of mic input is done by alc1 block when alc1 bit is ?1?. (1) alc1 limiter operation when the alc1 limiter is enabled, and ipga output exceeds the alc1 limiter detection level (lmth bit: table 15), the ipga value is attenuated by the amount defined in the alc1 limiter att step (lmat1-0 bits: table 16) automatically. when the zelmn bit = ?1?, the timeout period is set by the ltm1-0 bits (table 17). the operation for attenuation is done continuously until the ipga output signal level becomes lmth or less. if the alc1 bit does not change into ?0? after completing the attenuation, the attenuation operation repeats while the ipga output signal level equals or exceeds lmth. when the zelmn bit = ?0?, the timeout period is set by the ztm1-0 bits (table 18). this enables the zero-crossing attenuation function so that the ipga value is attenuated at the zero-detect points of the waveform. lmth alc1 limiter detection level alc1 recovery waiting counter reset level 0 adc input ? 6.0dbfs ? 6.0dbfs > adc input ? 8.0dbfs default 1 adc input ? 4.0dbfs ? 4.0dbfs > adc input ? 6.0dbfs table 15. alc1 limiter detection level / recovery waiting counter reset level lmat1 lmat0 att step 0 0 1 default 0 1 2 1 0 3 1 1 4 table 16. alc1 limite r att step setting note: when ipga gain is 0db or less, alc1 limiter att step is fixed to 1 regardless as lmat1-0 bits. alc1 limiter operation period ltm1 ltm0 8khz 16khz 44.1khz 0 0 0.5/fs 63 s 31 s 11 s default 0 1 1/fs 125 s 63 s 23 s 1 0 2/fs 250 s 125 s 45 s 1 1 4/fs 500 s 250 s 91 s table 17. alc1 limiter oper ation period at zero crossi ng disable (zelmn bit = ?1?) zero crossing timeout period ztm1 ztm0 8khz 16khz 44.1khz 0 0 128/fs 16ms 8ms 2.9ms default 0 1 256/fs 32ms 16ms 5.8ms 1 0 512/fs 64ms 32ms 11.6ms 1 1 1024/fs 128ms 64ms 23.2ms table 18. zero crossing timeout period
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 28 - (2) alc1 recovery operation the alc1 recovery refers to the amount of time that the ak4651 will allow a signal to exceed a predetermined limiting value prior to enabling the limiting function. the alc1 recovery operation uses the wtm1-0 bits to define the wait period used after completing an alc1 limiter operation (table 19). if the input signal does not exceed the ?alc1 recovery waiting counter reset level? (lmth: table 15), the alc1 recovery operation starts. the ipga value increases automatically by the recovery gain step (rgain bit: table 20) with zero crossing operation (timeout is set by ztm1-0: table 18) during this operation up to the reference level (ref5-0 bit: table 21). the alc1 recovery operation is done at a period set by the wtm1-0 bits. zero crossing is detected during wtm1-0 period, the alc1 recovery operation waits wtm1-0 period and the next recovery operation starts. during the alc1 recovery operation, when input signal level exceeds the alc1 limiter detection level (lmth), the alc1 recovery operation changes immediately into an alc1 limiter operation. in the case of (recovery waiting counter reset level) (ipga output level) < (limiter detection level) during the alc1 recovery operation, the wait timer for the alc1 recovery operation is reset. therefore, in the case of (recovery waiting counter reset level) > (ipga output level), the wait timer for the alc1 recovery operation starts. the alc1 operation corresponds to the impulse noise. when the impulse noise is input, the alc1 recovery operation becomes faster than a normal recovery operation. alc1 recovery operation waiting period wtm1 wtm0 8khz 16khz 44.1khz 0 0 128/fs 16ms 8ms 2.9ms default 0 1 256/fs 32ms 16ms 5.8ms 1 0 512/fs 64ms 32ms 11.6ms 1 1 1024/fs 128ms 64ms 23.2ms table 19. alc1 recovery operation waiting period rgain gain step 0 0.5db default 1 1.0db table 20. alc1 recovery gain step setting ref5-0 gain (db) step 3dh +26.5 3ch +26.0 : : 2dh +19.0 default : : 05h +0.5 04h +0.0 0.5db 03h ? 1.0 02h ? 2.0 : : 01h ? 7.0 00h ? 8.0 1.0db table 21. setting reference value at alc1 recovery operation
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 29 - (3) example of alc1 operation table 22 shows the examples of the alc1 setting. in case of this examples, alc1 operation starts from 0db. fs=8khz fs=16khz fs=44.1khz register name comment data operation data operation data operation lmth limiter detection level 1 ? 4dbfs 1 ? 4dbfs 1 ? 4dbfs ltm1-0 limiter opera tion period at zelmn bit = ?1? 00 don?t use 00 don?t use 00 don?t use zelmn limiter zero crossi ng detection 0 enable 0 enable 0 enable ztm1-0 zero crossing timeout period 00 16ms 01 16ms 10 11.6ms wtm1-0 recovery waiting period *wtm1-0 bits should be the same data as ztm1-0 bits 00 16ms 01 16ms 10 11.6ms ref5-0 maximum gain at recovery operation 3dh +26.5db 3dh +26.5db 3dh +26.5db ipga5-0 gain of ipga at alc1 operation start 37h 0db 37h 0db 37h 0db lmat1-0 limiter att step 00 0.5db 00 0.5db 00 0.5db rgain recovery gain step 0 0.5db 0 0.5db 0 0.5db alc1 alc1 enable bit 1 enable 1 enable 1 enable table 22. example of the alc1 setting the following registers should not be changed during the alc1 operation. these bits should be changed, after the alc1 operation is finished by alc1 bit = ?0? or pmmic bit = ?0?. ? ltm1-0, lmth, lmat1-0, wtm1-0, ztm 1-0, rgain, ref5-0, zelmn bits ipga gain at alc1 operation start can be changed from the default value of ipga5-0 bits while pmmic bit is ?1? and alc1 bit is ?0?. when alc1 bit is changed from ?1? to ?0?, ipga holds the last gain value set by alc1 operation. manual mode * the value of ipga should be the same or smaller than ref?s wr (ztm1-0, wtm1-0, ltm1-0) wr (ref5-0) wr (ipga5-0) alc1 o p eration wr (alc1= ?1?, lmat1-0, rgain, lmth, zelmn) example: limiter = zero crossing enable recovery cycle = 16ms @ fs= 8khz limiter and recovery step = 0.5db maximum gain = +26.5db limiter detection level = ? 4dbfs alc bit = ?1? (1) addr=66h, data=4100h (2) addr=64h, data=3d31h (4) addr=66h, data=6100h (3) addr=0eh, data=0077h note : wr : write figure 18. registers set-up sequence at alc1 operation
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 30 - ? de-emphasis filter the ak4651 includes the digital de-emphasis filter (tc = 50/15 s) by iir filter. setting the dem1-0 bits enables the de-emphasis filter (table 23). dem1 dem0 mode 0 0 44.1khz 0 1 off default 1 0 48khz 1 1 32khz table 23. de-emphasis control ? bass boost function the bst1-0 bits control the amount of low frequency boost applied to the dac output signal (table 24). if the bst1-0 bits are set to ?10? (mid level), ac-coupling capacitor can be sized down to 47 f. if the boosted signal exceeds the full scale, the analog output clips to the full scale. boost filter (fs=48khz) -5 0 5 10 15 20 10 100 1000 10000 frequency [hz] gain [db] max mid min figure 19. bass boost frequency (fs=48khz) bst1 bst0 mode 0 0 off default 0 1 min 1 0 mid 1 1 max table 24. bass boost control
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 31 - ? digital attenuator the ak4651 has a channel-independent digital attenuator (128 levels, 0.5db step, mute). the attenuation level of each channel can be set by the attl/r6-0 bits (table 25). when the dattc bit = ?1?, the attl6-0 bits control both lch and rch attenuation levels. when the dattc bit = ?0?, the attl6-0 bits control lc h level and attr6-0 bits control rch level. attl/r6-0 attenuation step 00h 0db default 01h ? 0.5db 02h ? 1.0db : : 7dh ? 62.5db 7eh ? 63.0db 0.5db 7fh mute ( ? ) - table 25. datt attenuation table the ats bit sets the tran sition time between se t values of attl/r6-0 bi ts as either 531/fs or 128/fs (table 26). when ats bit = ?0?, a soft transition between the set values oc curs (531 levels). it takes 531/fs (11ms@fs=48khz) from 00h(0db) to 7fh(mute). att speed ats 0db to mute 1 step 0 531/fs 4/fs default 1 128/fs 29/fs table 26. transition time between set values of attl/r6-0 bits
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 32 - ? soft mute soft mute operation is performed in the digital domain. when the smute bit goes to ?1?, the output signal is attenuated by ? (?0?) during the cycle set by the tm1-0 bits (table 27). when the smute bit is returned to ?0?, the mute is cancelled and the output attenuation gradually changes to 0db during the cycle set of the tm1-0 bits. if the soft mute is cancelled within the cycle set by the tm1-0 bits after starting the operation, the attenuation is discontinued and returned to 0db. the soft mute is effective for changing the signal source without stopping the signal transmission (figure 20). the soft mute function is independent of output volume and cascade connected between both functions. smute bit a ttenuation tm1-0 bit 0db - tm1-0 bit gd gd (1) (2) (3) a nalog output figure 20. soft mute function note: (1) the output signal is attenuated until - (?0?) by the cycle set by the tm1-0 bits. (2) analog output corresponding to digital input has the group delay (gd). (3) if the soft mute is cancelled within the cycle of setting the tm1-0 bits, the attenuation is discounted and returned to 0db(the set value). tm1 tm0 cycle 0 0 1024/fs default 0 1 512/fs 1 0 256/fs 1 1 128/fs table 27. soft mute time setting
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 33 - ? aux input auxmt, gn4-0 bits auxin+ pin auxin ? pin auxl bit auxad bit a dc hp, sp volume ak4651 figure 21. aux input aux input is a differential input. the ak4651 has a volume for aux input. this volume is controlled by gn3-0 bits as shown in table 28. the switching noise occurs when gn3-0 bits are changed. auxmt gn4-0 gain (db) step 00h +12.0 01h +10.5 02h +9.0 : : 08h +0.0 default : : 1eh ? 33.0 1.5db 0 1fh ? 34.5 1 x mute table 28. aux input gain setting (x: don?t care)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 34 - ? stereo line input hp lch, sp volume lin pin lnmt, gl4-0 bits ak4651 hp rch, sp volume rin pin lnmt, gr4-0 bits figure 22. stereo line input when lnmp bit is ?1?, mpe pin becomes lin pin. when rnmd bit is ?1?, mdt pin becomes rin pin. lin/rin is single-ended input. the ak4651 has a volume for stereo line input. this volume is controlled by gl4-0 and gr4-0 bits as shown in table 28. the switching noise occurs when gl4-0 or gr4-0 bits are changed. lnmt gl/gr4-0 gain (db) step 00h +12.0 01h +10.5 02h +9.0 : : 08h +0.0 default : : 1eh ? 33.0 1.5db 0 1fh ? 34.5 1 x mute table 29. stereo line input volume setting (x: don?t care)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 35 - ? beep input when the pmbpm bit is set to ?1?, mono beep input is powered up. and when the bpmhp bit is set to ?1?, the signal from the beep pin is input to headphone-amp. when the bpmsp bit is set to ?1?, the signal from the beep pin is input to speaker output. the external resisters ri adjust the signal level of each beep input that are mixed to headphone and speaker outputs. the signal from the beep pin is mixed to the headphone-amp through a ?20db gain stage. the signal from the beep pin is mixed to the speaker-amp without gain. the internal feedback resistance is 20k ? 30%. when bpmt bit is ?1?, beep input is muted. ak4651 beep pin ri rf bpmhp bit sp -20db bpmsp bit hp lch hp rch figure 23. block diagram of beep pins (rf = 20k ? 30%)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 36 - ? mono line output (mout+ and mout ? pins) att+dac mic in +20db/0db ipga5-0 bits mout+ pin 1/2 mout ? pin +6db to ?15db 1/2 micm bit damo bit mogn2-0 bits att a k4651 micout pin a in pin attm bit figure 24. mono output mono mixer mixes signals from mic in, dac lch and rch. this mixed signal is output from the mout+ and mout? pins, creating a differential output. either the mout+ or mout? pin can be also used as single-ended output. load resistance is 20k ? (min). when pmmo bit is ?0?, mono output is powered-down and mout+/? pins become hi-z. pmmo momt mode mout+/mout ? pin 0 x power-down hi-z default 1 mute vcom 1 0 normal operation normal operation table 30. mono output setting volume of path from dac is controlled by attl7-0 a nd attr7-0 bits (table 25). volume of path from ipga is controlled by attm bit (table 8). mono output amp has +6db to ?15db gain that are set by the mogn2-0 bits (table 31). mogn2-0 gain (db) step 0h +6.0 default 1h +3.0 2h +0.0 3h ? 3.0 4h ? 6.0 5h ? 9.0 6h ? 12.0 7h ? 15.0 3db table 31. mono output gain control
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 37 - ? headphone output power supply voltage for the headphone-amp is supplied from the hvdd pin and centered on the mutet voltage. the headphone-amp output load resistance is min.16 ? . when the hpmt bit is ?1? at pmhpl=pmhpr= ?1?, the common voltage rises to 0.44 x avdd. when the hpmt bit is ?1?, the common voltage of headphone-amp falls and the outputs (hpl and hpr pins) go to hvss. a capacitor between the mutet pin and ground reduces pop noise at power-up/down. it is recommended that the capacitor with small variati on of capacitance and low esr (equivalent series resistance) over all temperature range, since the rise and fall time in table 32 depend on the capacitance and esr of the exte rnal capacitor at mutet pin. t r : rise time up to 0.44 x avdd 100k x c (typ) t f : fall time down to 0v 200k x c (typ) table 32. headphone-amp rise/fall time [example]: a capacitor between the mutet pin and ground = 1.0 f: rise time up to 0.44 x avdd: t r = 100k ? x 1 f = 100ms(typ) fall time down to 0v: t f = 200k ? x 1 f = 200ms(typ) when pmhpl and pmhpr bits are ?0?, the headphone-amp is powered-down, and the outputs (hpl and hpr pins) go to hvss. hpmt bit pmhpl/r bit hpl/r pin (1) (2) (4) (3) t r t f 0.22 x avdd 0.44 x avdd figure 25. power-up/power-down timing for headphone-amp (1) headphone-amp power-up (pmhpl and pmhpr bits = ?1?). the outputs are still hvss. (2) headphone-amp common voltage rises up (hpmt bit = ?0?). common voltage of headphone-amp is rising. this rise time depends on the capacitor value c onnected with the mutet pin. the ri se time up to 0.44 x avdd is t r = 100k x c(typ) when the capacitor value on mutet pin is ?c?. (3) headphone-amp common voltage falls down (hpmt bit = ?1?). common voltage of headphone-amp is falling to hvss. this fall time depends on the capacitor value connected with the mutet pin. the fall time down to 0v is t f = 200k x c(typ) when the capacitor value on mutet pin is ?c?. (4) headphone-amp power-down (pmhpl, pmhpr bits = ?0?). the outputs are hvss. if the power supply is switched off or headphone-amp is powered-down before the common voltage goes to hvss, some pop noise occurs.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 38 - the cut-off frequency of headphone-amp output depends on the external resistor and capacitor used. table 33 shows the cut off frequency and the output power for various resistor/capacitor combinations. the headphone impedance r l is 16 ? . output powers are shown at hvdd = 2.7, 3.0 and 3.3v. the output voltage of headphone is 0.6 x avdd (vpp). ak4651 hp-amp 16 ? headphone r c figure 26. external circuit example of headphone output power [mw] r [ ? ] c [ f] fc [hz] boost=off fc [hz] boost=min 2.7v 3.0v 3.3v 220 45.2 17 0 100 99.5 42 27.9 34.5 41.7 100 69.8 28 6.8 47 148.5 74 13.7 17.0 20.5 100 49.7 19 16 47 105.8 46 7.0 8.6 10.4 table 33. relationship of external circuit, output power and frequency response
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 39 - ? headphone jack detection hpl pin 6.8 2.2k 47u hpr pin 6.8 2.2k 47u ak4651 100k hvdd headphone out 1 2 3 4 5 hdt pin headphone jack pins 1 and 2 hdt pin not inserted short ?l? (pulled-down by external 2.2k) inserted open ?h? (pulled-up by internal 100k) hpdt bit dthpj bit figure 27. headphone jack detection headphone jack detection sequence example: (1) hpdt bit = ?1?. (2) hdt pin is pulled-up to hvdd by 100k ? . (3) dthpj bit indicates whether headphone jack is inserted or not. headphone jack detection result is reported to dthpj bit (table 34). if hpint bit is ?1?, intn pin becomes ?l? when headphone jack is detected. input level of hdt dthpj bit headphone jack < 0.3 x hvdd 0 not inserted > 0.7 x hvdd 1 inserted table 34. headphone jack detection result when atsw bit is ?1? at pmhpl=pmhpr=pmspk= ?1? and hpmt=spps= ?0?, headphone-amp and speaker-amp are automatically powered-up/down according to headphone jack detection result (table 35, table 36). dthpj pmhpl pmhpr hpmt hp-amp 0 x x power down 0 1 power down 1 1 0 power up table 35. headphone-amp automatic power-down (atsw bit = ?1?) dthpj pmspk spps spk-amp 0 x power down 1 power save 0 1 0 power up 0 x power down 1 1 x power save table 36. speaker-amp automatic power-save (atsw bit = ?1?)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 40 - ? speaker output mono signal [(l+r)/2] converted from stereo dac output and beep input signal can be output via speaker-amp which output is btl. dac output signal can be input to the speaker-amp via the alc2 circuit. this speaker-amp can output a maximum of 300mw@alc2 bit = ?0? and 190mw@alc2 bit = ?1?. alc2 po 0 300mw default 1 190mw table 37. speaker-amp output power speaker blocks (mout2, alc2 and speaker-amp) can be powered-up/down by controlling the pmspk bit. when the pmspk bit is ?0?, the mout2, spp and spn pins are placed in a hi-z state. when the spps bit is ?1?, the speaker-amp is power-save-mode. in this mode, the spp pin is placed in a hi-z state and the spn pin goes to hvdd/2 voltage. and then the speaker output gradually changes to the hvdd/2 voltage and this mode can reduce pop noise at power-up. when the ak4651 is powered-down, pop noise can be also reduced in power-save-mode. pmspk spps mode spp pin spn pin 0 x power-down hi-z hi-z default 1 power-save hi-z hvdd/2 1 0 normal operation normal operation normal operation table 38. speaker output setting pmspk bit spps bit spp pin spn pin hvdd/2 hvdd/2 hi-z hi-z hi-z hi-z figure 28. power-up/power-down timing for speaker-amp ? mono output (mout2 pin) the mixed lch/rch signal of dac is output from the mout2 pin. when the mo2 bit is ?0?, this output is off and the mout2 pin is forced to vcom voltage. the load impedance is 10k ? (min.). when the pmspk bit is ?0?, the speaker-amp enters power-down-mode and the output is placed in a hi-z state.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 41 - ? alc2 operation input resistance of the alc2 (min pin) is 24k ? (typ) and centered around vcom voltage. figure 29 shows input-output relationship at alc2 operation (0dbv=1vrms =2.828vpp). the limiter detection level is proportional to hvdd. the output level is limited by the alc2 circuit when the speaker-amp output level exceeds +1.8dbv@hvdd=3.3v. when a continuous signal of +1.8dbv or greater is input to the alc2 circuit, the output level is attenuated by alc2 operation. the change period of the alc2 limiter operation is set by the rotm bit and the attenuation level is 0.5db/step (table 39). when the speaker-amp output level is equal to or lower than ? 2dbv@hvdd=3.3v, the alc2 recovery opeation starts. the alc2 recovery operation uses zero crossings and gains of 1db/step. the alc2 recovery operation is done until the output level of the speaker-amp goes to ? 2dbv@hvdd=3.3v. the alc2 maximum gain is +18db. the rotm bit sets the alc2 recovery operation period (table 39). when the output signal is between +1.8dbv and ? 2dbv, the alc2 limiter or r ecovery operations are not done. when the pmspk bit changes from ?0? to ?1?, the initilization cycle (2048/fs = 46.4ms @fs=44.1khz at rotm bit = ?0?, 512/fs = 11.6ms @fs=44.1khz at the rotm bit = ?1?) starts. this fs value is set by addr=32h (adc sampling frequence). the alc2 is disabled during the initilization cycle and the alc2 starts after completing the initilization cycle. parameter alc2 limiter operation alc2 recovery operation operation start level +1.8dbv ? 2dbv rotm bit = ?0? 2/fs = 45 s@fs=44.1khz 2048/fs = 46.4ms@fs=44.1khz period rotm bit = ?1? 2/fs = 181 s@fs=11.025khz 512/fs = 46.4ms@fs=11.025khz zero-crossing detection diabled enabled (timeout = 2048/fs) att/gain 0.5db step 1db step table 39. limiter /recovery of alc2 at hvdd=3.3v spk out dac in +1.8db v ? 0.2db v ? 25.2dbfs ? 23.2dbfs ? 2dbfs 0dbfs +3.8db v (alc2=off) (limitter) (recovery) ? 18.2db v figure 29. dac input ? speaker output relationship (hvdd=3.3v, alc2 bit = ?1?)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 42 - ? example of path a k4651 adc dac rf module mono out hp a mp cpu audio codec aux in hp out mic in headphone microphone figure 30. mic recording & headphone playback a k4651 adc dac rf module mono out hp a mp cpu audio codec aux in hp out mic in headphone microphone att side tone figure 31. phone a k4651 adc dac rf module mono out hp a mp cpu audio codec aux in hp out mic in headphone microphone att side tone figure 32. recording/playback & phone
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 43 - ? ac-link power-down the ak4651 controls the ac-link power-up/down by pr4 and pr5 bits. when pr4 bit is ?1?, bitclk and sdatain go to ?l?, but x?tal oscillator still operates. when pr5 bit is ?1?, bitclk and sdatain go to ?l?, and x?tal oscillator is powered-down. pll power-up/down is controlled by vra bit. bitclk/sdatain output x?tal oscillator pll pr4 bit = ?1? stop normal operation power down pr5 bit = ?1? stop stop power down vrabit = ?0? output normal operation power down table 40. ac-link power-down ? method using slot 12 of sdatain when slot bit is ?1?, headphone jack detection results are output via slot 12 of sdatain. bit 1: headphone jack detection result
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 44 - ? connection with digital ac ?97 controller the ak4651 communicates with its companion ac ?97 controller via a digital serial link, ?ac-link?. all digital audio streams, and command/status information are communicated over this point to point serial interconnect. a breakout of the signals connecting the two is shown in the following figure. sync ac?97 controller ak4651 bitclk sdataout sdatain resetn figure 33. connection between ak4651 and ac ?97 controller resetn (input) : control signal to reset the ak4651 bitclk (output) : 12.288mhz clock output from the ak4651 sync (input) : control signal to synchronize the ak4651 with ac?97 controller sdatain (output) : data signal input to the controller (output from the ak4651) sdataout (input) : data signal output to the controller (input from the ak4651) ? digital interface the ak4651 incorporates a 5 pin digital serial interface that links it to the ac ?97 controller. ac-link is a bi-directional, fixed rate(48khz), serial pcm digital stream. it handles input/ output audio streams as well as control register accesses employing a time division multiplexed (tdm) scheme. the ac-link architecture divides each audio frame into 12 outgoing and 12 incoming data streams, each with 20-bit sample resolution. dac and adc resolution of the ak4651 is 16 bit resolution. the data streams currently defined by the ac ?97 specification include: z pcm playback 2 output slots 2 channel composite pcm output stream z pcm record data 2 input slots 1 channel composite pcm input stream z control 2 output slots control register write port z status 2 input slots control register read port sync, fixed at 48khz, is derived by dividing down the serial bit clock (bitclk) output from the ak4651. bitclk, fixed at 12.288 mhz, provides the necessary clocking granularity to support 12, 20-bit outgoing and incoming time slots. ac-link serial data is transitioned on each rising edge of bitclk. the receiver of ac-link data, the ak4651 for outgoing data and ac ?97 controller for incoming data, samples each serial bit on the falling edges of bitclk. the ac-link protocol provides for a special 16-bit slot (slot 0) wherein each bit conveys a valid tag for its corresponding time slot within the current audio frame. a ?1? in a given bit position of slot 0 indicates that the corresponding time slot within the current audio frame has been assigned to a data stream, and contains valid data. if a slot is ?tagged? invalid, it is the responsibility of the sour ce of the data (the ak4651 for the input stream, ac ?97 controller for the output stream), to stuff all bit positions with 0?s during that slot?s active time. sync remains high for a total duration of 16 bitclks at the beginning of each audio frame. the portion of the audio frame where sync is high is defined as the ?tag phase?. the remainder of the audio frame where sync is low is defined as the ?data phase?.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 45 - note that sdataout and sdatain data is delaye d one bitclk because ac? 97 controller causes sync signal high at a rising edge of bitclk which initiates a frame. ?output? stream means the direction from ac?97 controller to the ak4651, and ?input? stream means the direction from the ak4651 to ac?97 controller. ? ac-link protocol 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 48khz data phase tag phase slot 0 sync all ?0? all ?0? all ?0? all ?0? all ?0? all ?0? all ?0? pcm(dac) right pcm(dac) left command data command address tag all ?0? all ?0? all ?0? all ?0? all ?0? all ?0? all ?0? all ?0? all ?0? pcm(adc) left status data status address sdata in tag jack detect sdata out figure 34. ac-link protocol ac-link protocol identifies 13 slots of data per frame. the freque ncy of sync is fixed to 48khz. only slot 0, which is the tag phase, is 16bits, all other slots are 20bits in length. these slots are explained in later sections.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 46 - 1) ac-link audio output frame (sdataout) [slot 0] ?0? bit5 ?1/0? ?1/0? slot6 slot7 slot5 slot4 slot3 slot2 slot1 valid frame ?1/0? sync slot 1 slot 0 sdata_in bit_clk ?1/0? ?1/0? ?0? ?0? ?0? slot11 ?0? ?0? ?0? ?0? bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9 bit8 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 slot8 slot10 ?0? bit7 slot9 slot12 ?0? bit6 ?0? bit0 1 bit_clk dela y figure 35. slot 0 slot 0 consists of sixteen bits (bit 15-0). bit 15-11 are available in the ak4651. each bit means valid by ?1? and invalid by ?0?. bit 15 (valid frame bit): validity of the frame ?1? = at least one of bit 14-11 (slot 1-4) must be valid. bit 10-0 are ignored. ?0? = the ak4651 ignores all following information in the frame. bit 14 (slot 1 valid bit): validity of slot 1 (command address input) bit 13 (slot 2 valid bit): validity of slot 2 (command data input) bit 12 (slot 3 valid bit): validity of slot 3 (dac left data input) bit 11 (slot 4 valid bit): validity of slot 4 (dac right data input) if each bit is ?0?, the ak4651 ignores the slot indicated by ?0?. on the other hand, if each bit is ?1?, the slot is valid. bit 10-0 should be ?0?. a new audio output frame begins with a low to high transition of sync. sync is synchronous to the rising edge of bitclk. on the immediately following falling edge of bitclk, the ak4651 samples the assertion of sync. this falling edge marks the time when both sides of ac-link are aware of the start of a new audio frame. on the next rising of bitclk, the ac ?97 controller transitions sdataout into the first bit position of slot 0 (valid frame bit). each new bit position is presented to ac-link on a rising edge of bitclk, and subsequently sampled by the ak4651 on the following falling edge of bitclk. this sequence ensures that data transitions, and subsequent sample points for both incoming and outgoing data streams are time aligned. data should be sent to the ak4651 with msb first through the sdataout.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 47 - table 41 shows the relationship of bit 14&13 and the read/write operation. bit 15 valid frame bit 14: slot1 valid bit (command address) bit 13: slot 2 valid bit (command data) read/write operation 1 1 1 read/write (normal operation) 1 0 1 ignore 1 1 0 read: normal operation write: ignore 1 0 0 ignore table 41. ak4651 addressing: slot 0 tag bits [slot 1]: command address port slot1 gives the address of the command data, which is given in the slot 2. the ak4651 has 30 valid registers of 16bit data. see ?mixer registers?. bit15 ?1/0? ?1/0? bit14 bit16 bit17 bit18 bit19 ?1/0? command address port slot 2 slot 0 slot 1 sdata_out bit_clk ?1/0? ?1/0? ?0? ?0? ?0? bit9 bit10 bit12 bit11 bit13 ?1/0? ?1/0? ?1/0? ?0? bit2 ?0? ?0? bit16 bit0 bit1 bit17 bit18 bit19 figure 36. slot 1 bit 19: read/write command (1bit; ?1?=read, ?0?=write) bit 18-12: control register index (7bit; see ?mixer registers? for the detail) bit 11-0: reserved (12bit; ?0?) bit 18 of this slot 1 is equiva lent to the most significant bi t of the index register address. the ak4651 ignores bit 11-0. these bits will be reserved for future enhancement and must be staffed with 0?s by the ac?97 controller. [slot 2]: command data port bit12 bit15 ?1/0? ?1/0? bit14 bit16 bit17 bit18 bit19 ?1/0? command data port slot 3 slot 1 slot 2 sdata_out bit_clk ?1/0? ?1/0? ?0? bit3 bit4 bit5 bit6 bit13 ?1/0? ?1/0? ?1/0? ?1/0? ?1/0? ?0? bit2 ?0? ?0? bit16 bit0 bit1 bit17 bit18 bit19 figure 37. slot 2 bit19-4: control register write data (16bit) (if bit 19 of slot 1 is ?1?, all bit19-4 should be ?0?.) bit3-0: reserved (4bit; ?0?) if bit 19 in slot 1 is ?0?, the ac?97 controller must output command data port data in slot 2 of the same frame . if the bit 19 in slot 1 is ?1?, the ak4651 will ignore any command data port data in slot 2. bit19 of this slot 2 is equivalent to d15 bit of mixer register value.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 48 - [slot 3]: pcm playback left channel (16bit) the ak4651 uses the playback (dac) data format in slot 3 for left channel. playback data format is msb first. data format is 16bits 2?s complement. ac?97 controller should stuff bit 3-0 with ?0?. if valid bit (slot 3) in the slot 0 is invalid (?0?), the ak4651 interprets the data as all ?0?. bit 19-4: playback data (16bit) bit 3-0: ?0? (4bit) [slot 4]: pcm playback right channel (16bit) the ak4651 uses the playback (dac) data format in slot 4 for right channel. playback data format is msb first. data format is 16bits 2?s complement. ac?97 controller should stuff bit 3-0 with ?0?. if valid bit (slot 4) in the slot 0 is invalid (?0?), the ak4651 interprets the data as all ?0?. bit 19-4: playback data (16bit) bit 3-0: ?0? (4bit) [slot 5-12]: not implemented in the ak4651
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 49 - 2) ac-link input frame (sdatain) each ac-link frame consists of one 16bit tag phase and twelve 20bit slots used for data and control. [slot 0] slot 0 is a special time frame, and consists of 16bits. sl ot 0 is also named the tag phase. the ak4651 supports bits 15-11 and bit 3. each bit indicates ?1?=valid(normal operation) or re ady, ?0?=invalid (abnormal operation) or not ready. if the first bit in the slot 0 (bit15 = ?codec ready?) is valid, the ak4651 is ready for normal operation. if the ?codec ready? bit is invalid, the following bits and remaining slots are all ?0?. ac?97 controller should ignore the following bits in the slot 0 and all other slots. when the adc sampling rate is set for less than 48khz, then bits 12 and 11 in slot 0 (corresponds to slot 3 and slot 4 respectively) will be 1?s when valid data is transferred in sdatain, and will be 0?s when no data is transmitted. < ?on-demand? base data transaction> for variable sample rate input, the tag bit for each input slot indicates whether valid data is present or not. thus, even in variable sample rate mode, the ak4651 is always the master. for sdatain (ak4651 to controller), the ak4651 sets the tag bit. for sdataout (controller to ak4651), the ak 4651 sets the slotreq bit and then checks for the tag bit in the next frame. ak4651 expects controller will reply tag bit in the next frame correctly. bit 14 means that slot 1 (status address) output is valid or invalid. and bit 13 means that slot 2 (status data) is valid or invalid. table 42 shows the relationship between bit 14,13 and each status of the ak4651. bit 15 (codec ready) bit 14 (status address) bit 13 (status data) status 1 1 1 there is a read command in the previous frame. then both slot 1 and slot 2 output normal data. if the access to non-implemented register or odd register is requested, the ak4651 returns ?valid? 7-bit register address in slot 1 and returns ?valid? 0000h data in slot 2 on the next ac-link frame. 1 1 0 prohibited or non-existing 1 0 1 prohibited or non-existing 1 0 0 there is no read command in the previous frame. bits 19-12 and 9-0 in slot 1 are set to ?0?. and slot 2 outputs all ?0?. table 42. sdatain slot0 note 39. the above read sequence is done as response for previ ous frames read command. that is, if the previous frame is the write command, ak4651 outputs bit14 =?0?, bit13 =?0? and slot 1&2 = all?0?, if there is no slotreq. note 40. the bits 14 and 13 in slot 0 is independent of the slotreq bits 11 and 10 in slot 1 which the ak4651 supports. bits 12 and 3 mean the output of slot 3 (pcm(adc) left) and slot 12 are valid or invalid, respectively. bit 11 is same as bit 12. slot 4 is all ?0? regardless of bit 11. bits 10-4 and 2-0 are occupied with ?0?.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 50 - a new audio input frame begins with a low to high transition of sync. sync is synchronous to the rising edge of bitclk. on the immediately following falling edge of bitclk, the ak4651 samples the assertion of sync. this falling edge marks the time when both sides of ac-link are aware of the start of a new audio frame. on the next rising of bitclk, the ak4651 transitions sdatain in to the first bit position of slot 0 (?codec ready? bit). each new bit position is presented to ac-link on a rising edge of bitclk, and subsequently sampled by the ac ?97 controller on the following falling edge of bitclk. this sequence ensures that data transitions, and subsequent sample points for both incoming and outgoing data streams are time aligned. ?0? bit4 ?1/0? ?1/0? slot6 slot7 slot5 slot4 slot3 slot2 slot1 codec read y ?1/0? sync slot 1 slot 0 sdatain bitclk ?1/0? ?1/0? ?0? ?0? ?0? slot12 ?0? ?0? ?0? ?1/0? bit15 bit14 bit13 bit12 bit11 bit10 bit9 bit8 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 slot8 slot11 ?0? bit7 figure 38. slot 0 [slot 1]: status address port audio input frame slot 1?s stream echoes the control register index, for historical reference, for the data to be returned in slot 2. (assuming that slot 1 valid bit and slot 2 valid bit in the slot 0 had been tagged ?valid? by the ak4651.) bit15 ?1/0? ?1/0? bit14 bit16 bit17 bit18 bit19 status address port slot 2 slot 0 slot 1 sdata_in bit_clk ?1/0? ?1/0? ?0? ?0? ?1 / 0? ?0? ?1/0? bit8 bit9 bit10 bit12 bit11 bit13 ?1/0? ?1/0? ?1/0? ?0? bit7 ?0? ?0? bit1 bit5 bit6 bit2 bit3 bit4 bit0 bit19 ?0? ?0? ?0? ?0? ?0? figure 39. slot 1 this address shows register index for which data is being returned in the slot 2. this address port is the copy of slot 1 of the output frame, and index address input to sdataout is looped back to the ac?97 controller through sdatain even for non-supported register. for ?on demand? base data transaction, when the dac sampling rate is set less than 48khz, then ak4651 will request new audio data as required by setting the slotreq bits 11 and 10 in slot 1 to 0?s. when no data is required to support the selected sampling rate, these bits will be 1?s. when slotreq bits are asserted as ?send data request? during the current frame on sdatain, ac?97 digital cont roller should send data onto the corresponding slot in the next frame on sdataout. if vra bit is set to ?0?, slotreq bits alwa ys show ?0? and sample rate is forced to 48khz. slotreq bit description 19 reserved (set to ?0?) 18-12 control register index (7bit; set to ?0? if tagged invalid) 11 slot 3 request: pcm lch ?0?: send data request, ?1?: do not send 10 slot 4 request: pcm rch ?0?: send data request, ?1?: do not send 9-0 reserved (10bit; set to ?0?) table 43. slotreq bit
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 51 - [slot 2]: status data port status data addressed by command address port of output stream is output through sdatain pin. bit 19-4 control register read data (16bit; the contents of indexed address in the slot 1) bit 3-0 ?0? (4bit) note that the address of status data port data are cons istent with status address port data of the slot 1 in the same frame . if the read operation is issued in the frame n by ac?97 controller, status data port data is output through sdatain in the frame n+1. note that data is output in only this frame, onl y one time and that the following frames are invalid if the next read operation is not issued. [slot 3]: pcm record left channel record (adc) data format is msb first. data format is 2?s complement. as the resolution of the ak4651 is 16bit, lower 4 bits are ignored. if adc block is powered down, slot 3 valid bit in the slot 0 is invalid (?0?), and data is output as all ?0 ?. bit 19-4: audio adc left channel output (16bit) bit 3-0: ?0? (4bit) [slot 4-11]: reserved for future enhancement bit 19-0 ?0? [slot 12]: headphone jack detection results when slot bit = ?1?, headphone jack detection results are output. bit 19-2: ?0? (18bit) bit 1: dthpj (1bit; ?0?=not inserted, ?1?=inserted) bit 0: ?0? (1bit)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 52 - ? power on note that ak4651 must be in cold reset at power on and resetn must be ?l? until master crystal clock becomes stable, or cold reset must be done once after master clock is stable. bit_clk initialize registers start up crystal oscillation sync=?l? sdata_out=?l? reset# vdd t rst2clk figure 40. power on timing ? cold reset note that both sdataout and sync must be ?l? at the rising edge of resetn for cold reset. the ak4651 initializes all registers including the power-down control registers, bit-clk is reactivated and each analog output except for hp-amp is in hi-z state while resetn pin is ?l?. at the rising edge of resetn, the ak4651 starts the initialization of adc and dac, which takes 1028ts cycles. after that, the ak4651 is ready for normal operation. at that time, vra bit is its default value (?0?). therefore, fs=48khz and ts=1/fs=20.83 s. status bit in the slot 0 is ?0? (not ready) when the ak4651 is in reset period (?l?) or in initialization process. after initialization cycles, the status bit goes to ?1? (ready). bit_clk vil reset# trst2clk trst_low sync= ?l? sdata_out= ?l? figure 41. cold reset timing
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 53 - ? warm reset the ak4651 initiates warm reset process by receiving a single pulse on the sync. the ak4651 clears pr4 bit and pr5 bit in the power-down control register. however, warm reset does not influence pr0-3, 6 and 7 bits in power-down control register. note 41. sync signal should synchronize with bitclk after ak4651 starts to output bitclk clock. note 42. if an external clock is used, external clocks shoul d be supplied before issuing a sync pulse for warm reset. adc and dac require 1028ts for the initialization. vih tsync2clk tsync_high bit_clk sync figure 42. warm reset timing ? active test mode vih vih tsetup2rst toff sdata_in bit_clk sdata_out hi-z reset# figure 43. activate test mode timing note 43. all ac-link signals are normally low through the trailing edge of resetn. bringing resetn high for the rising edge of sdataout causes the ak4651 ac-link outputs to go high impedance which is suitable for ate in circuit testing. note that the ak4651 enters in the ate test mode regardless sync is high or low. note 44. once test modes have been entered, the only way to return to the normal operating state is to issue ?cold reset? which issues resetn with both sync and sdataout ?l?.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 54 - ? register map reg num name d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 default 00h reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0030h 02h speaker output spps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8000h 04h headphone output hpmt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8000h 06h mono output momt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 mogn2 mogn1 mogn0 8000h 08h boost control 0 0 0 0 bst1 bst0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000h 0ah pc_beep volume bpmt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8000h 0ch phone volume auxmt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 gn4 gn3 gn2 gn1 gn0 8008h 0eh mic volume micmt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 mgain ipga5 ipga4 ipga3 ipga2 ipga1 ipga0 8008h 10h line in volume lnmt 0 0 gl4 gl3 gl2 gl1 gl0 0 0 0 gr4 gr3 gr2 gr1 gr0 8808h 18h pcm out volume smute attl6 attl5 attl4 attl3 attl2 attl1 attl0 0 attr6 attr5 attr4 attr3 attr2 attr1 attr0 0000h 1ah record select 0 0 0 0 0 0 micad auxad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0200h 20h general purpose 0 0 0 0 0 0 mdif msel loop 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000h 26h powerdown ctrl/stat 0 pr6 pr5 pr4 pr3 pr2 pr1 pr0 0 0 0 0 0 anl dac adc 0300h 28h extended audio id 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0001h 2ah ext?d audio stat/ctrl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 vra 0000h 2ch pcm front dac rate sr15 sr14 sr13 sr12 sr11 sr10 sr9 sr8 sr7 sr6 sr5 sr4 sr3 sr2 sr1 sr0 bb80h 32h pcm lr adc rate sr15 sr14 sr13 sr12 sr11 sr10 sr9 sr8 sr7 sr6 sr5 sr4 sr3 sr2 sr1 sr0 bb80h 60h power management mpwre mpwri 0 0 0 0 0 mckpd pmspk pmhpr pmhpl pmbpm pmlin pmmo pmaux pmmic 0000h 62h signal select hpm 0 0 0 0 rnmd lnmp dahs auxl micl micm damo bpmhp bpmsp alcs mo2 0103h 64h alc/dac control 0 hpint ref5 ref4 ref3 ref2 ref1 ref0 dattc 0 atsw hpdt tm1 tm0 dem1 dem0 2d21h 66h alc mode control 0 alc2 alc1 zelmn lmat1 lmat0 rgain lmth 0 rotm ztm1 ztm0 wtm1 wtm0 ltm1 ltm0 0000h 68h volume cotrol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ats attm atts2 atts1 atts0 0002h 6ah detect result 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 dthpj dtmic x 72h slot control 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 slot 9400h 7ch vendor id1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 414bh 7eh vendor id2 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4d10h table 44. register map writing the data to the register address that is not in table 44 is prohibited.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 55 - ? speaker output (02h) spps: speaker-amp power-save-mode (table 38) 0: normal operation 1: power save mode (default) when the spps bit = ?1?, the speaker-amp is in power-s ave-mode and the spp pin becomes hi-z and spn pin is set to hvdd/2 voltage. when the pmspk bit = ?1?, this bit is valid. after the resetn pin changes from ?l? to ?h?, the pmspk bit is ?0?, which powers down speaker-amp ? headphone output (04h) hpmt: headphone amp mute control (figure 25) 0: mute off 1: mute on (default) ? mono output (06h) momt: mono output mute control (table 30) 0: mute off 1: mute on (default) mogn2-0: mout volume control (table 31) default: ?000? (+6db) ? boost control (08h) bst1-0: bass boost control (table 24) default: ?00? (off) ? beep volume (0ah) bpmt: beep input mute control 0: mute off 1: mute on (default) ? phone volume (0ch) auxmt: aux input mute control (table 28) 0: mute off 1: mute on (default) gn4-0: aux input volume control (table 28) default: ?08h? (0db) ? mic volume (0eh) micmt: mic input mute control (table 14) 0: mute off 1: mute on (default) mgain: mic-amp gain control (table 10) 0: 0db (default) 1: +20db ipga5-0: ipga control (table 14) default: ?08h? (0db)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 56 - ? line in volume (10h) lnmt: line input mute control (table 29) 0: mute off 1: mute on (default) gl4-0: lch line input volume control (table 29) default: ?08h? (0db) gr4-0: rch line input volume control (table 29) default: ?08h? (0db) ? pcm volume (18h) smute: soft mute control (figure 20) 0: normal operation (default) 1: dac outputs soft-muted soft mute operation is independent of digital a ttenuator and is performed in the digital domain. attl/r6-0: digital att control (table 25) default: ?00h?(0db) ? record select control register (1ah) auxad: auxin to adc enable 0: off (default) 1: on micad: ipga to adc enable 0: off 1: on (default) ? general purpose (20h) loop: internal digital loopback 0: off (default) 1: on when loop bit is ?1?, vra bit should be ?0?. msel: internal/external mic select (table 9 at mdif bit = ?0?) 0: internal mic (default) 1: external mic mdif: differential mic input select (table 9) 0: single-ended input (default) 1: differential input
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 57 - ? power management (26h) pr6-0: power management (table 6) default: ?0000011? (adc, dac power down) anl: analog mixer power-up (read only) 0: not ready 1: ready dac: dac ready to accept data (read only) 0: not ready 1: ready adc: adc ready to transmit data (read only) 0: not ready 1: ready ? extended audio status & control (2ah) vra: enables variable rate audio mode in conjunction with audio sample rate control registers and tag-bit/slotreq signaling. 0: off(default). pll is powered-down. 1: on ? audio sample rate cont rol registers (2ch, 32h) sr15-0: sample rate control for dac (2ch) and adc (32h) (table 4, table 5) default: ?bb80h?(48khz) these sample rate setting is done at vra bit = ?1?.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 58 - ? power management (60h) pmmic: mic block (mic-amp and alc1) power management 0: power down (default) 1: power up pmaux: aux input power management 0: power down (default) 1: power up pmmo: mono line output power management 0: power down (default) 1: power up pmlin: stereo line input power management 0: power down (default) 1: power up pmbpm: mono beep input power management 0: power down (default) 1: power up even if pmbpm= ?0?, the path is still connected between beep pin and hp/spk-amp. bpmhp and bpmsp bits should be set to ?0? to disconnect these paths, respectively. pmhpr: headphone-amp rch power management 0: power down (default) 1: power up pmhpl: headphone-amp lch power management 0: power down (default) 1: power up pmspk: speaker-amp power management 0: power down (default) 1: power up mckpd: xti pin pull down control 0: master clock input enable (default) 1: xti pin is internally pulled-down mpwri: internal mic power supply control (table 11) 0: off (default) 1: mic power is on for internal mic. mpwri bit is enabled when pmmic bit = ?1?. mpwre: external mic power supply control (table 12) 0: off (default) 1: mic power is on for external mic. mpwre bit is enabled when pmmic bit = ?1?.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 59 - ? signal select (62h) mo2: mono output (mout2 pin) enable 0: off 1: on (default) when mo2 bit = ?0?, mout2 pin outputs vcom voltage. mout2 pin outputs signal when mo2 bit = ?1? and pmspk bit = ?1?. mout2 pin goes to hi-z state when pmspk bit = ?0?. alcs: alc2 to speaker-amp enable 0: off 1: on (default) bpmsp: beep to sp eaker-amp enable 0: off (default) 1: on bpmhp: beep to headphone-amp enable 0: off (default) 1: on damo: dac to mono line output enable 0: off (default) 1: on micm: ipga to mono line output enable 0: off (default) 1: on micl: ipga to headphone/speaker-amp enable 0: off (default) 1: on auxl: auxin to headphone/speaker-amp enable 0: off (default) 1: on dahs: dac to headphone/speaker-amp enable 0: off 1: on (default) lnmp: lin/mpe pin selection 0: mpe pin (default) 1: lin pin rnmd: rin/mdt pin selection 0: mdt pin (default) 1: rin pin hpm: mono output select of headphone 0: stereo (default) 1: mono [(l+r)/2]
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 60 - ? alc/dac control (64h) dem1-0: de-emphases response (table 23) default: ?01? (off) tm1-0: soft mute time select (table 27) default: ?00? (1024/fs) hpdt: headphone jack insertion detection function enable 0: off (default) 1: on atsw: headphone/speaker automatic switch function enable by headphone jack insertion (table 35, table 36) 0: off 1: on (default) dattc: dac digital attenuator control mode select 0: independent 1: dependent (default) when dattc= ?1?, attl6-0 bits control both lch and rch at the same time. attr6-0 bits are not changed when the attl6-0 b its are written. ref5-0: maximum ipga value at alc1 recovery operation (table 21) default: ?2dh? (+19db) during the alc1 recovery operation, if the ipga value exceeds the setting maximum value (ref5-0 bits) by gain operation, then the ipga does not become larger than the maximum value. hpint: intn pin output enable for headphone jack detection default: ?0? (off) when hpint bit = ?1?, intn pin is enabled to output the interrupt signal of headphone jack detection. ? alc control (66h) ltm1-0: alc1 limiter operation period at zero cr ossing disable ( zelmn bit = ?1?) (table 17) default: ?00? (0.5/fs) the ipga value is changed immediatel y when zero crossing is disabled (zelmn bit = ?1?). when the ipga value is changed continuously, the change is done by the period specified by the ltm1-0 bits. wtm1-0: alc1 recovery waiting period (table 19) default: ?00? (128/fs) wtm1-0 bits set a period of recovery operation when any limiter operation does not occur during the alc1 operation. ztm1-0: alc1 zero crossing timeout selection (table 18) default: ?00? (128/fs) when the ipga performs zero crossing or timeout, the ipga value is changed by the p write operation, alc1 recovery operation or alc1 limiter operation (zelmn bit = ?0?).
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 61 - rotm: alc2 recovery waiting period (table 39) 0: 2048/fs (default) 1: 512/fs lmth: alc1 limiter detection level / recovery waiting counter reset level (table 15) default: ?0? ( ? 6db/ ? 8db) the alc1 limiter detection level and the alc1 recovery counter reset level may be offset by about 2db. rgain: alc1 recovery gain step (table 20) default: ?0? (0.5db) during the alc1 recovery operation, rgain bit sets the number of steps changed from the current ipga value. for example, when the current ipga value is ?3 0h? and rgain bit is ?1?, the ipga changes to ?32h? by the alc1 recovery operation and the output signal level is gained up by 1db (=0.5db x 2). when the ipga value exceeds the maximum level (ref6-0 bits), the ipga value does not increase. lmat1-0: alc1 limiter att step (table 16) default: ?00? (0.5db) during the alc1 limiter operation, when ipga value exceeds the alc1 limiter detection level set by lmth bit, lmat1-0 bits set the number of steps attenuated from the current ipga value. for example, when the current ipga value is ?47h? and lmat1-0 bits is ?11?, the ipga value decreases to ?43h? when the alc1 limiter operation starts, resulting in the input signal level being attenuated by 2db (=0.5db x 4). when the attenuation value exceeds ipga = ?00? ( ? 8db), it clips to ?00?. zelmn: zero crossing de tection enable at alc1 limiter operation 0: enable (default) 1: disable when the zelmn bit = ?0?, the ipga pe rforms a zero crossing or timeout and the ipga value is changed by the alc1 operation. the zero crossing timeout is the same as the alc1 recovery operation. when the zelmn bit = ?1?, the ipga value is changed immediately. alc1: alc1 enable 0: alc1 disable (default) 1: alc1 enable alc2: alc2 enable 0: alc2 disable (default) 1: alc2 enable ? volume control (68h) atts2-0: volume control of signal from ipga to headphone/speaker-amp (table 7) default: ?2h? ( ? 12db) attm: volume control of signal from ipga to mono line output (table 8) 0: 0db (default) 1: ? 4db ats: digital attenuator transition time setting (table 26) default: ?0? (531/fs)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 62 - ? detect result (6ah) dtmic: mic detection result (read only, table 13) 0: microphone is not detected. 1: microphone is detected dthpj: headphone jack insertion detection result (read only, table 34) 0: headphone jack is not inserted. 1: headphone jack is inserted. ? slot control (72h) slot: headphone jack insertion detection result output select on slot 12 0: disable (default) 1: enable ? vendor id (7ch, 7eh) ?a(41h), k(4bh), m(4dh) , 16(10h)? (read only)
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 63 - system design figure 44 shows the system connection diagram for the ak4651. an evaluation board [AKD4651] is available which demonstrates the optimum layout, power supply arrangements and measurement results. nc beep avdd vcom auxin+ mpi ext mpe nc vcoc1 vcoc2 avss mvref auxin ? int mdt ain micout test2 avdd2 mout ? mout+ test3 test4 hpl hpr test5 avss2 hvss hvdd test7 test6 spp spn test9 test8 mutet hdt test10 intn xto sdata out dvss2 sdatain sync mout2 min nc dvdd1 xti dvss1 bitclk dvdd2 resetn pll1 test nc ak4651vg 10k 4.7n 10k 4.7n 0.1u 4.7u 0.1u 2.2u 2.2k 0.1u 0.1u 2.2k 0.1u 10u 0.1u 2.2k 2.2k 0.1u 1u 10 0.1u 0.1u 10u controller internal mic mic jack headphone jack 8ohm speaker 0.1u 10u 24.576mhz a nalog ground digital ground 2.7 3.6v analog supply + + + + 100k 47u 47u + note 45. avss, dvss and hvss of the ak4651 should be distributed separately from the ground of external controllers. note 46. all input pins except for internal pull-down pins should not be left floating. figure 44. typical connection diagram
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 64 - 1. grounding and power supply decoupling the ak4651 requires careful attention to power supply and grounding arrangements. avdd, dvdd, hvdd and tsvdd are usually supplied from the system?s analog supply. if avdd, dvdd and hvdd are supplied separately, the correct power up sequence should be obs erved. avss, dvss, hvss and tsvss of the ak4651 should be connected to the analog ground plane. system analog ground and digital ground should be connected together near to where the supplies are brought onto the printed circuit board. decoupling capacitors should be as near to the ak4538 as possible, with the small value ceramic capacitor being the nearest. 2. voltage reference vcom is a signal ground of this chip. a 2.2 f electrolytic capacitor in parallel with a 0.1 f ceramic capacitor attached to the vcom pin eliminates the effects of high frequency noise. no load current may be drawn from the vcom pin. all signals, especially clocks, should be kept away from the vref and vcom pins in order to avoid unwanted coupling into the ak4651. 3. analog inputs the mic, beep and stereo line inputs are single-ended. aux input is differential. the input signal range scales with nominally at 0.06 x avdd vpp for the mic input, 0.6 x avdd vpp for the beep input, stereo line input and aux input, centered around the internal common voltage (0.45 x avdd). usually the input signal is ac coupled using a capacitor. the cut-off frequency is fc = (1/2 rc). the ak4651 can accept input voltages from avss to avdd. 4. analog outputs the input data format for the dac is 2?s complement. the output voltage is a positive full scale for 7fffh(@16bit) and a negative full scale for 8000h(@16bit). mono output from the mout2 pin and mono line output from the mout+/mout ? pins are centered at 0.45 x avdd, headphone-amp is centered at 0.44 x avdd and speaker-amp output is centered at hvdd/2, respectively.
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 65 - package 57pin bga (unit: mm) 5.0 0.1 5.0 0.1 0.5 a b c d e f g 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 57 - 0.05 ? material & lead finish package molding compound: epoxy interposer material: bt resin solder ball material: snagcu
asahi kasei [ak4651] ms0503-e-00 2006/04 - 66 - marking 4651 xxxx xxxx: date code (4 digit) pin #1 indication revision history date (yy/mm/dd) revision reason page contents 06/04/24 00 first edition important notice ? these products and their specifications are subject to change without notice. before considering any use or application, consult the asahi kasei microsystems co., ltd. (akm) sales office or authorized distributor concerning their current status. ? akm assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other right in the application or use of any information contained herein. ? any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license or other official approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to customs and tariffs, currency exchange, or strategic materials. ? akm products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical components in any safety, life support, or other hazard related device or system, and akm assumes no responsibility relating to any such use, except with the express written consent of the representative director of akm. as used here: a. a hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance of safety or for applications in medicine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or other fields, in which its failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in significant injury or damage to person or property. b. a critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result, whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or system containing it, and which must therefore meet very high standards of performance and reliability. ? it is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of an akm product who distributes, disposes of, or otherwise places the product with a third party to notify that party in advance of the above content and conditions, and the buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability for and hold akm harmless from any and all claims arising from the use of said product in the absence of such notification.

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